Development of settlement in the Karkonosze Mountains

Tourist traffic has changed completely. They have not been reborn here, at least for the first dozen or so years, traditions of renting accommodation to summer vacationers, small gastronomy and other services related to tourism. After the first years of free movement, the next dozen or so were characterized by huge restrictions in moving along the Karkonosze ridge and supporting only organized tourism, preferably union and company holidays. Almost all former hotels and guesthouses were taken over for the purposes of this form of recreation, as well as dining options. This caused many years of stagnation. Relatively good technical condition of buildings and their sanitary standard, generally higher than in health resorts and holiday resorts in the Carpathian Mountains, contributed to the formation of a popular opinion, that no renovation or new facilities are needed here. This resulted in a huge degradation of buildings and, from mid-years 70., the necessity of liquidation, and even tearing down other holiday homes. Only in years 80. there was a revival, renovation started, mainly factory centers. Apart from the few new company holiday homes, especially in Karpacz and Szklarska Poręba, new private pensions appeared. It was related to the increase in foreign tourism, mainly from Germany, for the Germans the Karkonosze and Śnieżka still remain one of the most attractive tourist destinations. There has even been some overinvestment in these cities. However, the central Karkonosze did not survive this stage of development; contrary, there has even been a regress there, which can be seen even after the necessity to eliminate tram lines.

Apart from Karpacz and Szklarska Poręba, to a lesser extent Podgórzyn, Leaks, Sosnówki, Jagniątkowa – which remain holiday resorts – rest of the village, especially at the foot of Lasocki Grzbiet, falls. Only Kowary is developing as an industrial center, although the locals paid a terrible price for it, when the R-5 Plant exploited the uranium ore deposit after the war.

It was correct, that the immigrant population first settled in the most advantageously situated, the best, the richest houses and homesteads located in the villages at the foot of the Karkonosze Mountains. Hence, many secluded farms, high in the mountains or outside the villages, It did not find hosts after the war and fell into ruin. It happened, that even these, which were settled in the years 1945-1948, after a few or a dozen years it was abandoned, when their owners moved to the cities, for work in industry. This way a lot of pens, and even entire hamlets have disappeared (Budniki), only the names on the maps have remained of them. The same happened to some shelters, but here it was more often due to fires, especially right after the war.

The establishment of the village of 1959 r. Karkonosze National Park, thanks to which the development in the park and its buffer zone was limited. Currently, there are practically no buildings in this area – outside shelters, queue stations, observatories, TV station, Border Guard facilities and belonging to the park itself, and the buildings in the buffer zone are usually grouped within the town. We are witnessing a decisive outflow of people and buildings from the mountains. They will not come back here for the sake of landscape protection. However, new dangers arise: tourist investment plans that do not respect the regulations specific to the national park, mainly skiing, and the development of boarding houses. There is a danger, that in a short time the Karkonosze can again be dotted with hundreds of modern booths. This is, of course, due to the attractiveness of the Karkonosze Mountains themselves, in which everyone would like to be, find something for yourself, not always only silence and views, ale "not to discuss tastes"… – unless the mountains are in danger.

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